Definition and Discussion of the Minutes of a Meeting

Definition and Discussion of the Minutes of a Meeting In business composing, minutes are the authority set up account of a gathering. Minutes fill in as a perpetual record ofâ the themes considered, ends came to, activities taken, and assignments given.â Minutes might be kept by any person in participation at a gathering and are typically appropriated to all individuals from the unit spoke to at the meeting.Minutes are commonly written in the straightforward past tense. The Main Parts of Meeting Minutes Numerous associations utilize a standard layout or a unique arrangement for keeping minutes, and the request for the parts may change. HeadingThe name of the advisory group (or other unit) and the date, area, and beginning time of the meeting.ParticipantsThe name of the individual directing the gathering alongside the names of every one of the individuals who went to the gathering (counting visitors) and the individuals who were pardoned from attending.Approval of past minutesA note on whether the minutes of the past gathering were affirmed and whether any adjustments were made.Action things (counting incomplete business from the past meeting)A report on every point talked about at the gathering. (For every thing, note the topic of the conversation, the name of the individual who drove the conversation, and any choices that may have been reached.)AnnouncementsA report on any declarations made by members, including proposed plan things for the following meeting.Next MeetingA note on where and when the following gathering will be held.AdjournmentA note on the time the gathering ended.Signature lineThe name of the indi vidual who arranged the minutes and the date they were submitted. Perceptions A decent arrangement of minutesâ can give the gathering a feeling of progress; incongruous jottings (which may all the more intently take after verbatim transcripts) leave everybody bewildered.(David R. Buchanan, An Ethic for Health Promotion: Rethinking the Sources of Human Well-Being. Oxford University Press, 2000)In composing minutes, be clear, far reaching, objective, and discretionary. Try not to decipher what occurred; essentially report it. Since gatherings once in a while follow the plan impeccably, you may think that its difficult to give an exact record of the gathering. On the off chance that vital, intrude on the conversation to demand clarification.Do not record enthusiastic trades between members. Since minutes are the official record of the gathering, you need them to think about decidedly the members and the organization.(Mike Markel, Technical Communication, ninth ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2010)Guidelines for Writing Meeting Minutes-The recorder ought to have the o ption to compose the minutes in close to definite structure as the gathering advances.- The minutes should concentrate on results and concurred on activities. . . .- The minutes ought to be profoundly summed up, not a weight to peruse. Be brief; sum up results and purposes of understanding and difference; dont record point by point input.- Avoid composing minutes to illuminate those missing from the gathering.- Write the minutes not long after the gathering and disperse them expeditiously (inside a day or two).(Murray Hiebert and Bruce Klatt, The Encyclopedia of Leadership: A Practical Guide to Popular Leadership. McGraw-Hill, 2001) The Lighter Side of Minutes Russell Stringer Bell: [W]hat is that?Sean Shamrock McGinty: Robert Rules state we gotta have minutes for a gathering, isn't that so? These the minutes.Russell Stringer Bell: [I]s you taking notes on a criminal . . . conspiracy?(Idris Elba and Richard Burton in Straight and True. The Wire, 2004)

Tips on How to Write an Assignment Paper That Gets a Better Grade

Tips on How to Write an Assignment Paper That Gets a Better GradeWhen writing a paper or assignment at the college level, there are a lot of different things you can do to make it easier for yourself. Whether you're a first-year student or a graduate student and looking to write an assignment that gets a better grade, here are some tips on how to write an assignment paper that gets the job done.When you're starting out in the writing world, writing assignments will be one of the hardest parts of the entire process. You have to be able to construct your papers with some sense of organization and structure in order to be successful. To help you out, here are a few simple guidelines to help you through this process.The first thing you need to do is come up with a central idea that you want to focus on in your paper. This is the main point of the piece. You'll have to be careful to avoid making it too broad though. Your point needs to be strong enough to stand on its own without having t o be used as the main point of the paper. When you try to cram too much into one paper, it's going to come off as being unorganized.The next thing you need to do is start thinking about the layout of your writing. Do you want to have sections or chapters in the paper? While this can be useful for your final grade, it will also make your papers look less organized than they should.Have you decided on the type of paper you want to write? Depending on the school you're in, this can have a big impact on the type of material you'll be using. Some schools like to use a single topic paper, while others will have a wide variety of different topics included.Have you found a certain type of topic you interested in writing about? Even if you're not sure which subject matter you want to write about, there are still a few things you can do to narrow down the subject you want to write about. Having a clear idea of what you're interested in writing about is an important step in how to write an ass ignment paper that gets a better grade.It doesn't hurt to think about what kind of writing style you prefer. There's some students who are more comfortable doing research and exploring the history of certain countries, while other students like to just get right to the point and make their points. Just remember that in a paper, there's always room for both styles. If you enjoy researching, then writing about historical topics will give you a good grade.These are just a few of the tips on how to write an assignment paper that gets a better grade. As long as you follow these basic guidelines, your paper will be well-structured and ready to read.

Essential Management Skills for Career Advancement

Essential Management Skills for Career Advancement When faced with a seemingly long path, there is no better way than to move forward. After all, a journey of a thousand miles starts with the first step. This is the same philosophy adopted by many with respect to their careers.The moment they enter a certain profession, or become employed in an organization or company, their eyes are trained to look forward, or upward. Thus beginning their quest for career advancement. © Shutterstock | Maslowski MarcinIn this article, we will 1) understand what career advancement really means and 2) the required management skills you need for your career advancement.CAREER ADVANCEMENTOrganizations put great emphasis on career advancement, since it is one way of ensuring employee satisfaction and promote employee retention and loyalty. Forbes’ Victor Lipman said that presenting employees with opportunities to advance their careers is one of the most powerful motivators for employees. After all, they have a clear path ahead â€" the career path has direction, and there is a tangible and visible goal at the end. They will know where they are headed, and what they should do in order to get there. Thus, they will feel more motivated to perform better and strive harder.There are several factors at play when we speak of career advancement. First, there is the organization itself, specifically its culture and the setup of things, particularly the attitude of management a bout employees’ career advancement. It is a reality that some organizations do not really care much about the personal and professional growth of their employees. However, some companies may even invest in developing programs and activities primarily designed to arm their employees with the necessary skills and expertise needed for career advancement.It can also be affected by external factors, or forces outside the organization. For instance, some employees may feel that other companies offer more and better opportunities for career advancement than their current employer. Economic issues within the industry may also affect the employees’ decisions, so they will always seek greener pastures outside the company.Of course, the employees are also a huge factor, especially their attitude and their initiative in actively seeking ways to equip themselves for career advancement. While there are employees who are actively looking for opportunities to go up the ladder, some may not be s o ardent and fall behind.In the big picture, it is the employees who are ultimately responsible for their own growth â€" both personally and professionally. Some actively look for sponsorships to help them along. Others do not hesitate to learn new things and obtain new knowledge that they believe will come in handy in the future when they rise up the ranks.Most of these employees that take the initiative to learn and pursue knowledge focus on acquiring management skills. After all, career advancement often means that they will soon become the managers and leaders, so they are expected to have the necessary skills to be qualified for it.Watch this really nice talk with MasterCard CEO Ajay Banga on taking risks in your career. Cool guy! ESSENTIAL MANAGEMENT SKILLS NEEDED FOR CAREER ADVANCEMENTWhen faced with several candidates for a certain position, such as a supervisory or managerial one, top management and hiring executives will not only look at their basic qualifications â€" educ ation, experience, training, and technical know-how. They are also going to put a lot of weight on the other skills of the candidate and, since we are talking of a higher position that entails more responsibility and accountability, their management skills will be weighed and rated.Management has been defined as the broad discipline of organizing, planning, controlling, and directing the resources of an organization towards the accomplishment of its goals and objectives. From that definition alone, we could surmise, then, that having good management skills means being able to perform those functions with positive results.Let us now look into these management skills in more detail, identifying the specific management skills that are considered to be very crucial for employees who want to go higher in the career ladder.#1 Familiarity with processesBusiness processes knowledgeBusinesses have established processes and work flows that ensure operations are smooth and in order. Aspiring m anagers should be familiar with these business processes if they are expected to be effective in leading or managing. Business management skills should be basic to anyone who wants to have a long and successful career in business and management.Some of the processes that future managers are expected to have knowledge about are:Planning and designing, which includes areas such as research and budgetingExecution, which includes establishment of tasks and assigning them to the appropriate peopleControl and monitoring, or tracking the progress of workEvaluation and assessment, which will also be used for future planningLet us compare two employees who have both been working for a manufacturing company for 10 years. Both are up for promotion, and they have almost the same qualifications. However, Employee A has worked in three divisions in the production line, while Employee B has been with a single division throughout his ten-year employment. Employee A is clearly at an advantage, since he has more knowledge about the processes and flow of work in the production line, while Employee B may have solely focused on his corner, without paying attention to the other divisions.Technical know-howThis is especially important in companies or working environments that are technical in nature. How can one expect to lead when he does not know the first thing about what goes on? Imagine an automobile manufacturing company. There is no way that the department concerned with assembly will be entrusted to a manager who does not know the technical side of assembly.Education, expertise and experience are definitely going to be beneficial in this area. For example, engineers obtain their basic knowledge from school, and they hone their technical know-how through years of practice and actual performance of the job.Having finance skills also falls under this category. One who aspires to have a career on the fast track has to know the basics of financial management. They can start train ing on their own finances, as practice. This skill will demonstrate how efficient he or she will be when in a higher position of authority.#2  Communication and interpersonal skillsBeing a strong communicator is very important if you want to move forward in your career and become a future manager yourself. In fact, a huge bulk of the function of a manager requires communication â€" with top management, with the members of the team, and with other parties outside of the team and the organization. Communication skills refer to both internal and external communication skills.The key to being able to lead and manage people is to learn how to communicate with them first. You have a message you want to convey or bring across, you have to be able to communicate it well. You need some information or data about something, you have to know how to communicate this need.Being a good communicator is not just about being articulate and expressing oneself through written and spoken words. Having g ood communication skills also entails knowing how and when to listen. #3  Emotional intelligence skillsThis is somehow closely related to communication skills, because how people communicate and connect with other people depends on how much control they have over their emotions.Emotional intelligence refers to an individual’s natural ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions, and act accordingly. While many may argue that emotional intelligence is something that people are born with, it also qualifies as a skill that can be learned, developed and honed.Those with potential to go far in their careers are those who have a handle on their emotions, and can also read and monitor the emotions and feelings of others. Observations and deductions are then used effectively to communicate with other people and build relationships with them.A good example is how many successful managers and career people end up being described as “people person”. They get along easily with other people, and they can get other people to get along.#4  Time management and Scheduling skillsIf you think about it, time management is a skill that every person should have, even for personal reasons. But it becomes especially essential if you plan on advancing your career and hold a position in the higher levels of management someday.In business, almost everything is time-bound. There are deadlines that must be kept and schedules to adhere to. Projects, for example, are often subjected to time frames within which the work will have to be performed by the employees, using the resources made available to them.The employee should have a consciousness for time and a full recognition of the impact of working within the time frame as opposed to not following. In business, wasted time often means wasted money. The business may be losing income even in a few precious minutes of delay.The employee should develop the ability to:Understand the overall scope of the project, from the plans to t he expected output;Comprehend and follow the progress of the project at a glance;Identify the tasks that need to be done, and break them down into manageable parts for easier and more convenient performance by employees or team members;Assign the tasks and responsibilities to the appropriate team members, or employees who are the best fit for them;#5  Team management skillsA good manager is a good team player. She manages people, yes, and she leads them. But she should also be cognizant of the dynamics of a group.The first thing that she should be able to do is command the respect of the other employees. If she is able to do that, she will have an easier time in leading them. Having good team management skills means being able to create a cohesive group, despite the differences in the personalities, values and attitudes of the individual members of the team. That bond that will be created will be used to lead them towards an established goal or target.What does it mean to have team management skills? This means that you should have the following skills:Goal setting skills. You should be able to create and establish goals that are reasonable and attainable.Personal influence skills. Another basic skill that a prospective manager should have is the ability to establish trust and inspire respect from team members, and encourage the development of a relationship of trust and respect among members of the team.Negotiating skills. Often, leaders and managers find themselves having to talk their way into, or out of, a situation. A compromise has to be reached in a way that will be ultimately beneficial for everyone involved. This calls for negotiation skills.Delegation skills. You should know how to delegate tasks to the appropriate and qualified employees accordingly. It then follows that you should know how to define duties and responsibilities clearly.Coaching skills. You must know how to provide coaching and mentoring to the members of the team. From time to time, leaders are approached by team members for advice, and you should learn how to provide them objectively.Evaluation skills. Part of knowing how to manage a team is knowing how to provide objective and constructive feedback on individual and team performance.Having team management skills does not solely pertain to looking at the team as one entity, because it also calls for getting a feel for all the members of the team. It is not enough to be able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the team as a whole.More often than not, there is a need to take a look at each member of the team, identify their individual strengths and weaknesses and understand them, so that you can find out how to increase their productivity in the team. #6  Meeting management skillsClosely lumped with communication and team management skills, meeting management skills are also expected from someone who wants to take on more responsibilities. Some people are seen to have natural charisma when talking with a group of people, able to command their attention in a meeting.Fortunately, this skill can be practiced. There are actually courses that teach aspiring managers the basics of how to conduct meetings and moderate discussions. With the proper training and practice, one can easily develop and hone this skill.#7  Risk management and response skillsBusinesses are always subject to different types of risks, and these are what top management always find themselves having to contend with. Fortunately, there are several risk management tools and systems that may be used. Keep in mind, however, that these are simply tools and aids that facilitate risk management. Risk management is, at its core, still something that managers do, using the tools made available to them.An aspiring manager should develop a skill for identifying risks even before they actually come into fruition. They should also have the ability to initiate a process for solving problems and mitigating risks. It is up to them t o formulate a proper response to risks and develop a backup plan, in the event that their initial response does not achieve the desired result.#8  Change managementFlexibility is a trait that is valued greatly among managers, and nothing demonstrates the flexibility and resiliency of a manager than the occurrence of changes and transitions. It is possible that there may be last-minute changes in personnel, or tasks, or even the goals and objectives.Change management skills cover the following abilities:Recognize changes before they happen, and understand the impact and possible outcomes of these changes;Analyze changes and adjust accordingly;Communicating the changes and its impacts to members of the team#9  Problem solving and decision making skillsThese are probably the more difficult management skills for many people. There are people who have a natural aptitude and ability to look at problems from all angles and find solutions for them. What about those who don’t?Not to worry, because this skill can also be learned and acquired through a lot of practice and experience. #10  Integrating integrity in one’s actionsIntegrity is a choice, meaning a person chooses whether to demonstrate integrity or not. Aside from adhering to specific ethical standards set by the organization, every individual has her own set of values and ethical standards.Exercising integrity is not going to be enough, because this will only be a true skill if it is applied consistently. The integrity applied in one’s personal actions and decisions will also have a bearing on her actions and decisions involving her work and other matters in the workplace.#11  Willingness to pursue skill set honing and developmentAn unflagging commitment to seek betterment of oneself is also considered a skill. You will notice that there are two kinds of people in the workplace: one who chooses to advance himself, and one who doesn’t. While the latter is content to just go about his usual tasks and hop e for the best, the former actively pursues self-improvement, seeking opportunities to hone his skills and earn more experience.A future manager should have this thirst for knowledge, and the greed to become better. Being competitive is a good trait that every manager should have, since it will push him to do better and thus improving the capability to go further. One cannot hope to go forward in his or her career if they are not committed to doing what they can to do exactly that.

Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 820 Words

In February 6, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada made a momentous decision that would legalize physician-assisted death within a year. Physician-assisted suicide (PAS), in simple words, means doctors prescribe a lethal dose of medication that patients take themselves. The question that whether the Criminal Code provisions should prohibit physician-assisted suicide has been discussed in public for several decades. Actually, decriminalizing PAS may cause some sorts of abuses, but not decriminalizing it would make more patients dying with excruciating pain. Many doctors and physicians think that the decriminalization of PAS asks them to kill patients, which is unethical for doctors. However, PAS is not a way to kill but to save patients from suffering. As the Supreme Court declared, PAS is for a competent adult who clearly censents to end his or her life; and has a grievous and irremediable medical condition. Since patients who need PAS are in such a serious condition, if there is no PAS, these patients would suffer a lot from the painful diseases such as cancer, tumour and so on. They would be put into a condition called â€Å"though one hopes for life one cannot live and though one prays to die one cannot die†. In this situation, it is not only a torture to patients, but also a torture to their relatives and doctors to see the patients’ agony. Since everybody wants to rest in peace, the best way to relieve these patients is to give them PAS instead of using a lot of medicinesShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide976 Words   |  4 Pagesmake the last months of a person’s life as comfortable as possible, ultimately palliative and hospice care become ineffective in helping with the excruciating pain. Thus, the legalization of physician assisted suicide provides a compassionate death while preserving the concept of patient autonomy. Physician-assisted suicide enables terminally ill patients to die comfortably and peacefully in their own homes. Terminally ill patients suffer through constant pain in their final months, and there remainsRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1265 Words   |  6 PagesParker March, 14, 2015 Assisted Suicide Introduction There are several ethical and legal issues that are raised by the majority concerning the legalization of physician assisted suicide and the role of nurses in the process. Assisted suicide is a legal act of assisting those who are suffering from a deadly illness in ending their lives by providing them the means to do it (Griffith, 2014). Netherland was the first country to legalize physician assisted suicide. In 1994, Oregon becameRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1720 Words   |  7 PagesIt is obvious discussing physician-assisted suicide is a very controversial issue that is discussed daily by those who wish to die to avoid loss of dignity and also by those who think it is unethical. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered, the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting death with dignity. Physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for people who are unable to end their own lives. However, there should be safeg uards to prevent any sort of abuseRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1984 Words   |  8 PagesAnthony Zhang 4.29.15 Period 3B Living in Pain or Death with Dignity The legalization of physician assisted suicide (PAS) in Oregon in 1994 changed the face of the argument between those who believe in death with dignity and those who believe in letting nature take its course. It was a major victory for PAS advocates as the first state in America had legalized PAS in the country’s history. In 2008, the neighboring state of Washington followed suit with a similar law and legalized PAS by a 58-42Read MoreThe Need for the Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide2485 Words   |  10 Pagesprevent death. Many people turn to a procedure known as Physician-Assisted suicide, a process by which a doctor aids in ending a terminally ill patient’s life. This procedure is painless and effective, allowing patients to control their death and alleviate unnecessary suffering. In spite of these benefits, Physician-Assisted suicide is illegal in many places both nationally and internationally. Despite the fact that Physician-Assisted suicide is oppose d by many Americans and much of the world onRead MoreThe Legalization of Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay2393 Words   |  10 PagesSupport for the participation of physicians in the suicides of terminally ill patients is increasing. Much of the controversy surrounding physician-assisted suicide however focuses on the debate over whether the practice should be legalized. A woman suffering from cancer became the first person known to die under the law of physician-assisted suicide in March of 1998. In 1994, voters in Oregon approved a referendum called the Death with Dignity Act, which was enacted in 1997. This law allows patientsRead MoreLEGALIZATION OF ASSISTED SUICIDE IN THE U.S. Currently, physician-assisted suicide or death is2900 Words   |  12 PagesLEGALIZATION OF ASSISTED SUICIDE IN THE U.S. Currently, physician-assisted suicide or death is illegal in all states except Oregon, Vermont, Montana and Washington. Present law in other states express that suicide is not a crime, but assisting in suicide is. Supporters of legislation legalizing assisted suicide claim that the moral right to life should encompass the right to voluntary death. Opponents of assisted suicide claim that society has a moral and civic duty to preserve the lives of innocentRead MoreThe Controversial Debate On Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1290 Words   |  6 Pagesis your life and no one else’s, right? This is the question at the very center of the controversial debate on the legalization of physician assisted suicide in the United States. Anti-physician assisted suicide groups often argue that no individual truly wants to end their life. However, that statement does not ring true to those who would actually utilize physician assisted suicide- terminally ill patients. Imagine being diagnosed with a terminal disease, followed by months and sometimes years ofRead MoreEthical Considerations in Dealing with Changes in the Healthcare System929 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration that creates controversial discussion is the subject of physician-assisted suicide. Physician-assisted suicide is described as the act in which a physician provides the means necessary for the client to perform the act of suicide. The issue of physician-assisted suicide is viewed through many different perspectives. The topic of physician-assisted suicide has been debated since the development of medicine. Physician-assisted suicide was first legalized in the United States in Oregon in 1997.Read MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is also known as assisted suicide. It is a very controversial procedure. It is not favored by many. However, in present day society is little bit inclined towards assisted suicide. There is ongo ing debate on the legalization of assisted suicide. The main reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way to decrease pain in the end of life.

Theme Of Conflict In Antigone - 983 Words

The Greek tragedy, Antigone, explores a dramatic conflict between the individual and the state. The epicenter of this tragedy revolves around the juxtaposition of Antigone and Creon—symbols of the moral law and the human law. They embody moral arguments that converge in opposition to one another, but since both parties failed to accept each other’s opinion, both were defeated at the end. This ensures no explicit answer on which side should take precedence over the other, making the play ambiguous and open to debate. With this, the Greek playwright Sophocles conveys the message that although people’s ideologies clash, a conflict will remain unresolved when both parties are intolerant of each other’s views. Primarily, Sophocles uses†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, to advance his reasoning that the rational laws of the state are higher than that of Antigone’s gods, Creon assembles both syntax and diction to move his viewpoints forward. As Creon made a law forbidding Polyneices’ burial, he tells the choragos to â€Å"give no support to whoever breaks this law† (198). The imperative tone of his word choice show his procrustean nature to those who disobey him, and that no amount of pity will prompt him to spare those that threaten his power. After discovering that Antigone broke the law, he tells Haemon to reject Antigone: â€Å"Let her find her husband in Hell! / Of all the people in this city, only she / Has had the contempt for my law and broken it† (217). Creon’s word phrasing and arrangement expose his cocky demeanor toward Antigone’s claims about the afterlife, reflecting on how he values the state over the gods or love; however, t his is meaningless in the face of death. According to the chorus, â€Å"He [Creon] has made himself secure—from all but one / In the late wind of death he cannot stand† (204). This shows how Creon is blind to the ephemerality of life and how he cannot accept the inevitability of death, revealing his hubris. Sophocles shows inclination towards the moral law by contrasting the strengths of Antigone’s traits with the flaws of Creon’s, making them character foils of one another. Moreover, it is evident that both charactersShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Conflict In Antigone973 Words   |  4 PagesElizabeth Heeb Doctor Pratt Intellectual Heritage I (IH 851) 28 September 2017 Moral Conflict and Internal Change in Antigone Beliefs are not always based on facts that you would find in a textbook-they are something that one believes is true. When I first read Sophocles’ play Antigone, my initial impression of Creon was that his beliefs of the law and the state were rational because of his role as a ruler. But as the play progressed, I began to disagree with his behavior and his values becauseRead MoreMain Theme Of Antigone942 Words   |  4 PagesThemes are important to any story; they give the reader a sense of background and understanding when it comes to the events unfolding in the story. Many literary works include multiple themes, all of which convey  important ideas about humanity and the way that society functions. In  Antigone  by Sophocles, themes exist such as determination, the conflict between conscience and law, the conflict between divine and human law, and familial loyalty.  One key and central theme of Antigone is the importanceRead MoreThe Test Of Time By Sophocles1403 Wor ds   |  6 Pagesfew have withstood the test of time as long as Antigone has. Written by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles in 441 B.C, it is almost two and a half thousand years old. How does a piece of writing last that long without becoming irrelevant and antiquated. The answer to that question can be found in the themes and characters of this long enduring masterpiece. Before I jump into this paper, I should probably tell you what Antigone is about. Antigone is a play which takes place shortly after theRead MoreChoices That Mean Life or Death In Antigone1381 Words   |  6 PagesMean Life or Death In Antigone The play Antigone was penned by Sophocles, a Greek writer, sometime in the late 440s B.C. This Greek tragedy uses a combination of literary elements in order to grab the reader’s attention. Two such elements are theme and conflict. Most importantly, Sophocles’s Antigone deals with themes, such as the conflict of family versus state, the conflict of individual versus government, and the conflict of human versus divineRead MoreContrast Between Oedipus the King and Antigone by Sophocles744 Words   |  3 PagesContrast between Oedipus the King and Antigone Sophocles, a famous and renowned Greek dramatist, is the playwright to both the play Oedipus the King and Antigone. Along with Antigone and Oedipus Sophocles had also wrote Electra and Fete. Sophocles wrote many Greek tragedies which are plays in which the main character in the play suffers a tragedy due to some flaw of theirs. An example would be how Oedipus (thinking he is defying a prophecy) murders his father and weds his mother. His flaw was himRead MoreThe Conflict Of Sophocles Antigone1500 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Antigone centers around a familial feud that develops between Antigone and Creon when Antigone decides to bury her brother and Creon’s niece, Polyneices. While Antigone believes that it is her religious and familial duty to bury her brother, Creon objects, citing the Theban civil war which took place right before the events of the play. Adhering to Greek literary tradition, Sophocles ultimately seeks not just to entertain the audience but also to teach a moral lesson, in this case aboutRead MoreSophocles Antigone : The Third Of The Three Theban Tragic Plays1106 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’s play, Antigone is the third of the three Theban tragic plays and was written around 440 B.C. and is still well known today. Sophocles s play Antigone tells a tragic story about family honor and a sister’s love for her brothers. After Antigone’s two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles died in battle, Creon became the new leader of Thebes. Creon orders that Eteocles have a proper burial while Polynices’s body remain unburied, simply left to rot. Antigone refuses to let her brother’s bodyRead MoreThe Production Of Antigone By Peta Tait Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe production of Antigone by Company B reviewed by Peta Tait is correct in multiple instances even though the production has an incorrect central conflict. Company B’s production is correct when Tait explains how it portrays why C reon did not bury Polyneices’ body and just left it out to the animals instead (71). The production is also correct when implying why Creon treats Antigone and Ismene badly as if they have the dignity of animals (73). By looking at Sophocles’ Antigone, it portrays CreonRead MoreEssay about Religion vs. State in â€Å"Antigone820 Words   |  4 PagesThe play â€Å"Antigone† is a tragedy by Sophocles. One main theme of the play is Religion vs. the state. This theme is seen throughout the play. Antigone is the supporter of religion and following the laws of the gods and the king of Thebes, Creon, is the state. In the play Creon has made it against the law to bury Antigone’s brother, something that goes against the laws of the gods, this is the cause of most conflict in the story. This struggle helps to develop the tragic form by giving the readerRead MoreEssay on Moral Conflict in Antigone1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe major moral conflict in Antigon e by Sophocles is the conflict over which value is most fundamental. The play presents the moral conflict over whether the gods law or the citys law is more powerful. This seems to be the most prominent theme. The conflict arises mainly between the tragic heroes Antigone and her uncle-in-law Creon, King of Thebes. The city of Thebes had been through a war in which Antigone and her sister Ismene have lost both of their brothers to it, Eteocles and Polyneices

Professional and Maximum Allowed Free Essays

Name * First Last Email * Please select the date and term you start class: * City * State * Please select your program: * When and how do you prefer to be contacted by Kaplan University? * Essay: For some students, juggling college, work, and family obligations can be overwhelming. In approximately 500 characters, please describe how you plan to balance these responsibilities and what measures you can take to make your education a priority. * Please note: your responses are for informational purposes only and will not affect your continued enrollment in the program. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional and Maximum Allowed or any similar topic only for you Order Now Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 343 characters. KNOWLEDGE OF THE PROFESSION Please provide a brief understanding of your knowledge of the human services profession. * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 195 characters. What type of education is required and/or desired to work in the various settings in human services? * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 0 characters. Why do you want to work as a human services professional? * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 171 characters. What are some of the positives and negatives to working as a human services professional in our global society? * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 257 characters. Describe some of your experiences working with human services professionals, both personally and professionally. * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 141 characters. What are some of the traits or characteristics that make a person successful as a human services professional? * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 0 characters. What are some of the populations that are in need of human services and what settings and populations would you prefer to work in the future? * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 0 characters. Is there a demand for human services professionals in your geographic region? * No Yes Does your state require licensing or credentialing for human services professionals or social workers? * No Yes Do you already have a college degree? * No Yes What are your plans for continued education beyond an associate’s degree or bachelor’s degree? Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 0 characters. Explain any work experiences in human services that could be equivalent to college level credit. * Maximum Allowed: 500 characters. Currently Used: 0 characters. Do you have experiential learning that is similar or equivalent to courses offered in human services * No Yes (if yes, please explain) Acknowledgements Please certify that all information submitted in this form is accurate by typing your first and last name in the space provided. * Date How to cite Professional and Maximum Allowed, Papers

Project on Tata free essay sample

Executive summary This project has been a great learning experience for me; at the same time it gave me enough scope to implement my analytical ability. Tata Group is one of the Indias largest and most respected business groups. Tata Groups name is synonymous with Indias industrialization. Tata AIG Insurance Solutions is one of the leading insurance companies that provide both life insurance as well as general insurance. This pioneer company is a joint collaboration between the American International Group, Inc. (AIG) and Tata Group. They own the company in the ratio of 26:74. It is a leading financial institution that has carved a niche for itself all over the world. Tata AIG Insurance Company is having different insurance policies. At the end of the project people will be knowledgeable about various insurance organizations and different products taking into considerations hundred sample sizes in Ahmedabad city. We will write a custom essay sample on Project on Tata or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Project is on the market potential study of Tata AIG Insurance Company in Ahmedabad city. To get to know a questionnaire has been prepared which contains open ended and close ended questions. Firstly pilot study has been done through hundred questionnaires. For collecting the data field survey method, personal interview technique has been used. Secondary data has been collected from the company. The data collected are represented into suitable tabular forms for drawing inferences. Quantitative techniques like averages, percentages, range, two-way tables, chi- square tests analysis has been applied as per the requirement. The level of preference, perception of the customers about the product and company were identified by means of a scoring scheme. For the representation of data various charts and graphs are used as per requirement. . Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO INSURANCE 1. 1. INTRODUCTION Insurance is a contract between two parties whereby one party called insurer undertakes in exchange for a fixed sum called premiums, to pay the other party called insured a fixed amount of money on the happening of a certain event. Insurance may be described as a social device to reduce or eliminate risk of life and property. Under the plan of insurance, a large number of people associate themselves by sharing risk, attached to individual. With the help of Insurance, large number of people exposed to a similar risk makes contributions to a common fund out of which the losses suffered by the unfortunate few, due to accidental events, are made good. Insurance is a tool by which fatalities of a small number are compensated out of funds collected from plenteous. Gradually as competition increased benefits given by industry to its customers increased by leaps and bounds. Insurance is a basic form of risk management which provides protection against possible loss to life or physical assets. Person who seeks protection against such loss is termed as insured, and company that promises to honor claim, in case such loss is actually incurred by insured, is termed as Insurer. In order to get insurance, insured is required to pay to insurance company a certain amount called premium. Premium is collected by insurance companies which acts as trustee to pool created through contributions made by persons seeking to protect themselves from common risk. Any loss to the insured in case of happening of an uncertain event is paid out of this pool. Insurance business is divided into four classes: Life Insurance  · Fire  · Marine  · Miscellaneous Insurance.  · Insurance provides:  · Protection to investor.  · Accumulation of savings.  · Channeling these savings into sectors needing huge long term investment. 1. 2. FUNCTION OF INSURANCE: Provide protection: The primary function of insurance is to provide protection against future risk, accidents and uncertainty. Insurance ca nnot check the happening of the risk, but can certainly provide for the losses of risk. Insurance is actually a protection against economic loss, by sharing the risk with others. Collective bearing of risk: Insurance is an instrument to share the financial loss of few among many others. Insurance is a mean by which few losses are shared among larger number of people. All the insured contribute the premiums towards a fund and out of which the persons exposed to a particular risk is paid. Assessment of risk: Insurance determines the probable volume of risk by evaluating various factors that give rise to risk. Risk is the basis for determining the premium rate also. Provide certainty: Insurance is a device, which helps to change from uncertainty to certainty. Insurance is device whereby the uncertain risks may be made more certain. Small capital to cover larger risk: Insurance relieves the businessmen from security investments, by paying small amount of premium against larger risks and uncertainty. Contributes towards the development of industries: Insurance provides development opportunity to those larger industries having more risks in their setting up. Even the financial institutions may be prepared to give credit to sick industrial units which have insured their assets including plant and machinery. Means of savings and investment: Insurance serves as savings and investment, insurance is a compulsory way of savings and it restricts the unnecessary expenses by the insureds For the purpose of availing incometax exemptions also, people invest in insurance. Source of earning foreign exchange: Insurance is an international business. The country can earn foreign exchange by way of issue of marine insurance policies and various other ways. Risk free trade: Insurance promotes exports insurance, which makes the foreign trade risk free with the help of different types of policies under marine insurance cover. . 3. LIFE INSURANCE: Life insurance is a contract under which the insurer (Insurance Company) in Consideration of a premium paid undertakes to pay a fixed sum of money on The death of the insured or on the expiry of a specified period of time Whichever is earlier. In case of life insurance, the payment for life insurance policy is certain. The Event insured against is sure to happen only the time of its happening is not known. So life insurance is known as „Life Assurance?. The subject matter of insurance is life of human being. Life insurance provides risk coverage to the life of a person. On death of the person insurance offers protection against loss of income and compensate the titleholders of the policy. 1. 4. ROLES OF THE LIFE INSURANCE: Life insurance as an investment: Insurance products yield more than any other investment instruments and it also provides added incentives or bonus offered by insurance companies. Life insurance as risk cover: Insurance is all about risk cover and protection of life. Insurance provides a unique sense of security that no other form of invest can provide. Life insurance as tax planning: Insurance serves as an excellent tax saving mechanism . 5. IMPORTANCE OF THE LIFE INSURANCE: Protection against untimely death: Life insurance provides protection to the dependents of the life insured and the family of the assured in case of his untimely death. The dependents or family members get a fixed sum of money in case of death of the assured. Saving for old age: After retirement the earning capacity of a person reduces. Life insurance en ables a person to enjoy peace of mind and a sense of security in his/her old age. Promotion of savings: Life insurance encourages people to save money compulsorily. When life policy is taken, the assured is to pay premiums regularly to keep the policy in force and he cannot get back the premiums, only surrender value can be returned to him. In case of surrender of policy, the policyholder gets the surrendered value only after the expiry of duration of the policy. Initiates investments: Life Insurance Corporation encourages and mobilizes the public savings and canalizes the same in various investments for the economic development of the country. Life insurance is an important tool for the mobilization and investment of small savings. Credit worthiness: Life insurance policy can be used as a security to raise loans. It improves the credit worthiness of business. Social Security: Life insurance is important for the society as a whole also. Life insurance enables a person to provide for education and marriage of children and for construction of house. It helps a person to make financial base for future. Tax Benefit: Under the Income Tax Act, premium paid is allowed as a deduction from the total income under section 80C. 1. 6. INSURANCE CYCLE: Policy Renewal/Change Options/Application:- The Insurance Cycle begins each year with the insurance offer. Actuarial documents are published annually by the Risk Management Agency (RMA). The actuarial documents list the plan of insurance, crop, type, variety, and practice that may be insured in a state and county, and show the amounts of insurance, available insurance options, levels of coverage, price elections, applicable premium rates, and subsidy amounts. The Special Provisions of Insurance list program calendar dates, and general and special statements which may further define, limit, or modify coverage. Sales Closing/Cancellation/Termination Dates:- Insurance applications must be completed and signed no later than the sales closing date specified in the crop actuarial documents. Applications signed after the crop sales closing date may be rejected by the insurance provider. Insurance coverage is continuous and can be cancelled by either the insurance provider or the policyholder for the following crop year by providing a written notice to the other party no later than the cancellation date specified in the crop policy. For a policyholder insured the previous crop year, any changes he or she wishes to make to the policy coverage must be made on or before the crop sales closing date. The policy will automatically renew for the subsequent crop year unless the policyholder cancels the policy in writing on or before the crop cancellation date. Insurance coverage may be terminated by the insurance provider for the following crop year for nonpayment of outstanding debt by providing a written notice to the policyholder no later than the termination date specified in the crop policy. The insurance provider may terminate coverage on a crop if no premium is earned for three consecutive years. Acceptance:- Upon receipt of a properly completed and timely submitted insurance application, the insurance provider will accept and process the application, unless the applicant is determined to be ineligible under the contract or Federal statute or regulation. The insurance provider will issue a summary of coverage and the appropriate policy documents to the applicant. After the application is accepted, the policyholder may not cancel the policy for the initial crop year. Insurance Attaches: For annual crops, insurance attaches annually when planting begins on the insurance unit. The crop must be planted on or before the crops published final planting date unless late or prevented planting provisions apply. If prevented planting provisions apply, and the crop cannot be timely planted due to the causes specified in the crop provisions, such acreage may be eligible for a prevented planting payment. Acreage Reports:- The policyholder must annually report for each insured crop in the county the number of insurable and uninsurable acres planted or prevented from being planted if prevented planting is available for the crop, the date the acreage was planted, share in the crop, the acreage location, farming practices used, and types or varieties planted to the insurance provider on or before the applicable acreage reporting date specified in the crop actuarial documents. Summary of Coverage:- The insurance provider will process a properly completed and timely filed acreage report, and issue to the policyholder a summary of coverage that specifies the insured crop, the insured acres and amount of insurance or guarantee for each insurance unit. The policyholder may make changes to the filed acreage report, if permitted by the insurance provider. Premium Billing:- The annual premium is earned and payable at the time insurance coverage begins. The insurance provider shall issue a premium billing based upon the information contained in the acreage report no earlier than the premium billing date specified in the crop actuarial documents. The premium billing will specify the amount of premium and any administrative fees that may be due. If the premium or administrative fees are not paid by the date specified in the actuarial documents or policy, the insurance provider may assess interest on the outstanding premium balance. Notice of Damage or Loss: A written notice of damage or loss for each unit is to be filed by the policyholder within 72 hours of the policyholders initial discovery of damage or loss but not later than 15 days after the calendar date for the end of the insurance period unless otherwise stated in the individual crop policy. The policyholder should refer to the individual crop provisions for additional requirements in the event of damage or loss. These notifications provide the opportunity for the insurance provider to inspect the crop and determine the extent of damage or potential production before the crop is harvested or otherwise disposed of. Inspection:- After the insurance provider receives the written notice of damage or loss, it will be processed and, if necessary, a loss adjuster will be sent to inspect the damaged crop and gather pertinent information concerning the damage. If the policyholder wishes to destroy or not harvest the crop,the oss adjuster will gather the appropriate information, conduct an appraisal to establish the crops remaining value and complete any forms needed. If the crop has been harvested or will not be harvested by the end of the insurance period, and the policyholder wishes to file a claim for indemnity, the loss adjuster will gather the appropriate information and assist the policyholder in filing the claim for indemnity. It is the policyholders responsibility to establish the time, locati on, cause, and amount of any loss. Indemnity Claim:- After the claim for indemnity is processed by the insurance provider, an indemnity check and a summary of indemnity payment will be issued showing any deductions to the amount of indemnity for outstanding premium, interest, or administrative fees. Contract Change Date:- Changes to the insurance program may be made by RMA from one year to the next. The insurance provider will notify the policyholder in writing of any changes to the policy, actuarial documents, or the Special Provisions of Insurance prior to the calendar date for contract changes specified in the crop policy. The policyholder will have the opportunity to review the changes and, if he/she desires, continue the insurance coverage for the following crop year, change the policy coverage, or cancel the insurance coverage. Any changes to the policy coverage that the policyholder makes must be made no later than the crop sales closing date. If the policyholder wishes to cancel the policy, a written notice must be submitted to the insurance provider on or before the crop cancellation date. CHAPTER 2 Company profile TATA AIG INSURANCE COMPANY Tata Enterprises with 82 companies, spread over seven sectors and with an annual turnover exceeding US $ 8. billion, employs more than 262,000 people. Tata Group has shown over years that it is a value driven company and has pioneering contributions in various fields including insurance, aviation, iron and steel. In terms of capital market performance as many as 40 listed Tata companies account for nearly 5% of the total market capitalization of all listed co mpanies. The Group has had a long association with Indias insurance sector having been the largest insurance company in India prior to the nationalization of insurance. TATA GROUP IN INSURANCE: Tata AIG General Insurance Company Ltd, and Tata AIG Life Insurance Company Ltd. , (collectively Tata AIG) are joint venture companies between the Tata group Indias most trusted industrial house and American International Group, Inc. (AIG), the leading U. S. based international insurance and financial services organization. The Late Sir Dorab Tata, was the founder Chairman of New India Assurance Co. Ltd. , a group company incorporated way back in 1919. Government of India took over the management of this company as a part of nationalization of general insurance companies in 1972. Not deterred by the move, Tata group have ventured into risk management services having tied up with AIG group, back in 1977, with the incorporation of Tata AIG Risk Management Services Pvt. Ltd. The Tata Group is one of Indias largest and most respected business conglomerates, with revenues in 2006-07 of $28. 8 billion (Rs129,994 crore), the equivalent of about 3. 2 per cent of the countrys GDP, and a market capitalization of $72. 2 billion as on December 6, 2007. Tata companies together employ some 289,500 people. AIG: American International Group, Inc. AIG), is a major American insurance corporation based at the American International Building in New York City. The British headquarters are located on Fenchurch Street in London, continental Europe operations are based in La Defense, Paris, and its Asian HQ is in Hong Kong. According to the 2008 Forbes Global 2000 list, AIG was the 18th-largest company in the world. Company Background: AIG’s history dates back to 1919, when C ornelius Vander Starr established an insurance agency in Shanghai, China. Starr was the first Westerner in Shanghai to sell insurance to the Chinese. In 1962, Starr gave management of the companys less than successful U. S. holdings to Maurice R. Hank Greenberg, who shifted the companys U. S. focus from personal insurance to high. 1969. American International Group, Inc is the leading U. S. based international insurance and financial services organization and the largest underwriter of commercial and industrial insurance in the United States. Its member companies write a wide range of commercial and personal insurance products through a variety of distribution channels in over 130 countries and jurisdictions throughout the world. AIGs Life Insurance operations comprise of the most extensive worldwide network of any life insurer. AIGs global businesses also include financial services and asset management, including aircraft leasing, financial products, trading and market making, consumer finance, savings products. THE JOINT VENTURE: Tata AIG Life Insurance Co. Ltd. is capitalized at Rs. 185 crores of which 74 per cent has been brought in by Tata Sons and the American partner brings in the balance 26 per cent. Mr. George Oommen has been named managing director of Tata AIG Life. Tata-AIG plans to provide broad array of life insurance plans to cover to both individuals and groups. The company headquartered in Mumbai, with branch operations in Delhi,Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore Calcutta, Pune and Chandigarh. 3. 5. ABOUT TATA-AIG: Tata AIG Insurance Solutions is one of the leading insurance companies that provide both life insurance as well as general insurance. This pioneer company is a joint collaboration between the American International Group, Inc. (AIG) and Tata Group. They own the company in the ratio of 26:74. It is a leading financial institution that has carved a niche for itself all over the world. Tata AIG Insurance provides facilities to both corporate and individuals. Starting its operations on April 1, 2001, it seeks to serve different categories of people. It acquired its license for carrying out operations in India on February 12, 2001. Tata AIG Insurance Solutions is one of the most prestigious organizations in the business world. It employs thousands of employees and offers various opportunities to people to build a prospective career. As a leading name in the financial world, it identifies the potential and experience of the individual. This insurance company identifies the clients? needs and works accordingly. It stresses on innovative aspect and opening of new markets. It believes in new economy and latest Internet technology. Tata AIG Insurance offers a number of products for the General Insurance holders. General insurance products include:  · Individual insurance  · Small business insurance  · Corporate insurance Tata AIG Insurance offers flexible life insurance to the individuals, business organization and other association. For the corporate, there are various insurance products like group pensions, employee benefits, work place solutions and credit life. For the individuals, Tata AIG Insurance offers various products for adults, children and for retirement planning. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS: 1. No. 1 Private Player in the insurance industry in India. 2. Life Insurance linked with Investments 3. Tax benefits 4. Security against loans 5. Helps in future planning and provides financial consultancy. 6. Covers risk. WEAKNESS: 1. Negativity relating insurance and ‘Agents’. 2. No fixed Salary. OPPORTUNITIES: 1. High Network Individuals (HNI) 2. A clear career path 3. All round support through exclusive advertising, own in house consultant, and world-class training. 4. A comprehensive benefit package. THREATS: 1. Dynamic environment 2. Increasing Competition 3. Non-creativity 4. An Unfocused approach 5. Complacency and arrogance Chapter 4 Objectives of the study: The only purpose of undergoing this topic is to find out the details research on market of TATA AIG. * To know the awreness of the insurance product of TATA AIG IN AHEMDBAD. * To study of career path for business associates. Research METHODOLOGY Data can be classified under the two main categories, depending upon the sources used for the collection purposes, i. e. , ‘Primary data’ and ‘Secondary data’. The validity and accuracy of final judgement is most crucial and depends heavily upon how well the data is gathered in the first place. The methodology adopted for data gathering also affects the conclusions drawn there from. Primary data: Primary data are those data, which are collected by the investigator himself for the purpose of a specific enquiry or study. Such data are original in character and are generated by surveys conducted by individuals or research institutions. Thus we can say that the data that is being collected for the first time is called primary data. Methods that can be used for collection of primary data are as follows:  § Direct personal observation: Under this method, the investigator presents himself personally before the informant and obtains first hand information. This method provides greater degree of accuracy.  § Telephone survey: Under this method the investigator, instead of presenting himself before the informants, contacts them on telephone and collects information from them. Indirect personal interview: Under this method, instead of directly approaching the informants, the investigator interviews several third persons who are directly or indirectly concerned with the subject – matter of the enquiry and who are in possession of the requisite information. This method is highly suitable where the direct personal investigation is not practicable either because the informants are unwilling or reluctant to supply th e information or where the information desired is complex or the study in hand is extensive. Questionnaire method: Under this method, the investigator prepares a questionnaire containing a number of questions pertaining to the field of enquiry. Under this method, the investigator directly contact the person and collect the information through questionnaire related to the data. The aims and objectives of collecting the information, and requesting the respondents to cooperate by furnishing the correct replies and fill the questionnaire with correct information. The success of this method depends upon the proper drafting of the questionnaire and the cooperation of the respondents. Secondary data: When a person uses data, which has already been collected by someone else, then such data is known as secondary data. Secondary data should be used with extra caution since someone else has collected it for his/her use. Before using such data the investigator must be satisfied with regard to the reliability, accuracy, adequacy and suitability of the data to the given problem under investigation. Methods that can be used for collection of secondary data are as follows:  § Published sources: There are a number of nationalorganisations and international agencies, which collect and publish statistical data relating to business, trade, labour, price, consumption, production, etc. These publications of the various organisations are useful sources of secondary data.  § Unpublished sources: The records maintained by private firms or business houses who may not like to release their data to any outside agency are known as unpublished sources of collection of secondary data. Both ‘Primary data collection methods’ and ‘Secondary data collection methods’ have various advantages as well as limitations. Thus it would be prudent to use both these methods to one’s advantage. More of the primary data has been used in this project. INSURANCE ADVISOR IRDA TRAINING The Insurance Act, 1938 lays down that an insurance agent will be issued a license under section 42 of the Act, by the IRDA of an officer authorized by it in this behalf. Tata AIG offices and approved by INSURANCE REGULATORY AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (IRDA). A licence issued by the IRDA will be valid for three years. The licence may be to act as an agent for a life insurer, for a general insurer or as a â€Å"Composite Insurance Agent† working for a life insurer as well as a general insurer. An Insurance agent have undergone practical training for at least 100 hours in life or general insurance business. He should have also passed the pre-recruitment examination conducted by the Insurance Institute of India. An Insurance Agent have to give a demand draft for Rs. 1000 payable in favor of Tata AIG Life Insurance Co. Limited. sources scribd. com

Anatomy Of The Periodontium Sciences Essays

Anatomy Of The Periodontium Sciences Essays Anatomy Of The Periodontium Sciences Essay Anatomy Of The Periodontium Sciences Essay The periodontium is defined as the tissues puting and back uping the dentition ( Hassell, 1993 ) . It is composed of the undermentioned tissues: alveolar bone, root cementum, periodontic ligament and gum ( Lindhe et al. , 2008, Hassell, 1993 ) . The chief map of the periodontium is to attach the tooth to the bone of the jaws for equal map and to keep the unity of the surface of the masticatory mucous membrane of the unwritten pit ( Lindhe et al. , 2008 ) . It undergoes alterations with age, and is subjected to morphologic alterations in relation to functional changes and changes in the unwritten environment ( Lindhe et al. , 2008 ) . The healthy gum usually covers the alveolar bone and root to a degree merely coronal to the cementoenamel junction ( Fig. 1 ) . The gum is classified into the free fringy gum, the interdental gum and the affiliated gum ( 187 ) . Gingivas are portion of the soft tissue liner of the oral cavity. They surround the dentitions and supply a seal around them. Compared with the soft tissue liners of the lips and cheeks, most of the gum are tightly bound to the underlying bone and are designed to defy the clash of nutrient passing over them ( Lindhe 2008 ; Narayanan 1996 ) . Healthy gum is normally coral pink, but may incorporate physiologic pigmentation. Changes in colour, peculiarly increased inflammation, together with hydrops and an increased inclination to shed blood, propose an redness that is perchance due to the accretion of bacterial plaque ( Capa N, 2007 ) . The gum is divided anatomically into fringy, affiliated and interdental countries. The fringy gum is the terminal border of gum environing the dentition. In about half of persons, it is demarcated from the adjacent, attached gum by a shallow additive depression, the free gingival channel ( Capa N, 2007 ) The fringy gum is supported and stabilized by the gingival fibres. The affiliated gum is uninterrupted with the fringy gum. It is steadfast, resilient, and tightly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone. The facial facet of the affiliated gum extends to the comparatively loose and movable alveolar mucous membrane, from which it is demarcated by the mucogingival junction. Attached gum may show with surface stippling ( Schroeder HE, 1997 ) The interdental gum occupies the gingival port, which is the interproximal infinite beneath the country of tooth contact. The interdental gum can be pyramidic or have a gap shape.Attached gum is immune to masticatory forces and ever keratinised ( Stephen Burke Dent IV, 1994 ) . Healthy gum normally has a colour that has been described as coral pink. Other colorss like ruddy, white, and blue can mean redness ( gingivitis ) or pathology. It has a smooth arcuate or scalloped visual aspect around each tooth. It besides fills and fits each interdental infinite, unlike the swollen gum papilla seen in gingivitis or the empty interdental port seen in periodontic disease. Healthy gum clasp tight to each tooth in that the gingival surface narrows to knife-edge thin at the free gingival border. On the other manus, inflamed gums have a puffy or rolled border. It has a steadfast texture that is immune to motion, and the surface texture frequently exhibits surface stippling. Unhealthy gum, on the other manus, is frequently conceited and mushy ( Seyedmajidi M, 2009 ) . The gingival fibres are the connective tissue fibres that inhabit the gingival tissue adjacent to the dentition and aid keep the tissue steadfastly against the dentition ( Itoiz, ME, 2002 ) . They are chiefly composed to type I collagen, although type III fibres are besides involved These fibres, unlike the fibres of the periodontic ligament, in general, attach the tooth to the gingival tissue, instead than the tooth to the alveolar bone ( Schroeder HE, 1997 ) . The gingival fibres hold the fringy gum against the tooth, supply the fringy gum with adequate rigidness to defy the forces of chew without falsifying, function to stabilise the fringy gum by unifying it with both the tissue of the more stiff affiliated gum every bit good as the cementum bed of the tooth ( Itoiz, ME, 2002 ) . There are three groups within which gingival fibres are arranged, they are dentogingival group, round group and transseptal group. The junctional epithelial tissue is that epithelial tissue which lies at the base of the gingival sulcus. It attaches to the surface of the tooth with hemidesmosomes ( W.B. Saunders, 2002 ) . It lies instantly apical to the sulcular epithelial tissue, which lines the gingival sulcus from the base to the free gingival border, where it interfaces with the epithelial tissue of the unwritten cavity.Cells in the junctional epithelial tissue tend to hold broad inter-cellular infinites, to let the transmittal of white blood cells from blood vass to bottom of the gingival sulcus, to assist forestall disease. Damage to the junctional epithelial tissue consequences in it being irregular in texture, instead than smooth, and the formation of pocket epithelial tissue, which is a primary symptom of gingiva disease. The sulcular epithelial tissue is that epithelial tissue which lines the gingival sulcus. It is apically bounded by the junctional epithelial tissue and meets the epithelial tissue of the unwritten pit at the tallness of the free gingival border. The sulcular epithelial tissue is nonkeratinized ( W.B. Saunders, 2002 ) . The periodontic ligament, normally abbreviated as the PDL is a group of specialised connective tissue fibres that basically attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which it sits. These fibres help the tooth withstand the of course significant compressive forces which occur during mastication and remain embedded in the bone ( Sloan, P, 1978 ; Sloan, P, 1979 ) . Another map of the PDL is to function as a beginning of proprioception, or centripetal excitation, so that the encephalon can observe the forces being placed on the dentitions and react consequently. To accomplish this terminal, there are force per unit area sensitive receptors within the PDL which allow the encephalon to spot the sum of force being placed on a tooth during mastication, for illustration. This is of import because the open surface of the tooth, called enamel, has no such sensory receptors itself. In add-on to the PDL fibres, there is another set of fibres, known as the gingival fibres, which attach the dentitions to their next gingival tissue. Both the gingival fibres, every bit good as the PDL fibres, are composed chiefly of type I collagen ( Ten Cate, A. R, 1998 ) . The PDL is one of the four back uping tissues of a tooth, otherwise referred to as the periodontium. They are about 0.2 millimeters in breadth, and these dimensions lessening with age ( C. Kober, B, 2006 ) . As stated, the PDL fibres are composed chiefly of type I collagen, although type III fibres are besides involved. Compared to most other ligaments of the organic structure, these are extremely vascularized. The PDL fibres are categorized harmonizing to their orientation and location along the tooth, such as collagen fibres, gingival fibres, trans-septal fibres, alveolar crest fibres, horizontal fibres, oblique fibres, apical fibres, and interradicular fibres ( Quigley, M.B, 1970 ; Cohn, S.A, 1972 ; Cohn, S.A, 1972 ) . Cementum is a specialised calcified substance covering the root of a tooth. Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblasts within the root of the tooth and is thickest at the root vertex. Its colour is xanthous and it is softer than enamel and dentin due to being less mineralized ( Jones SJ, 1972 ) . The chief function of cementen within the tooth is to function as a medium by which the periodontal ligaments can attach to the tooth for stableness. Hence, its bottom surface is tangent to the periodontic ligaments running through the jaw ( via collagen fibres ) , and the upper part of the surface is steadfastly cemented to the dentin of the tooth. It besides meets the enamel lower on the tooth at the cemento-enamel junction. Here the cementum is known as noncellular cementum due to its deficiency of cellular constituents, and screens about 1/3-1/2 of the root ( Groeneveld MC, 1994 ) . The more permeable signifier of cementen, cellular cementum, covers 1/3-1/2 of the root vertex, where it binds to the dentin. There is besides a 3rd type of cementum, afibrillar cementum, which sometimes extends onto the enamel of the tooth. The mucogingival junction is the intervention between the more apically located alveolar mucous membrane and the more coronally located affiliated gum of the air sac ( Schroeder HE, 1979 ) . There exists a mucogingival junction on all four gingival surfaces on which there exists freely impermeable alveolar mucous membrane: the facial gum of the upper jaw and both the facial and linguistic gum of the mandible. The palatine gum of the upper jaw is uninterrupted with the tissue of the roof of the mouth, which is bound down to the palatine castanetss. Because the roof of the mouth is barren of freely movable alveolar mucous membrane, there is no mucogingival junction ( W.B. Saunders, 2002 ) . Mentions Hassell, TM. ( 1993 ) . Tissues and cells of the periodontium. Periodontol 2000 3, 9-38. Lindhe, J. , Karring, T. , and Araujo, M. ( 2008 ) . Anatomy of the periodontium. In Clinical periodontology and implant dental medicine, Lindhe, J. , Karring, T. , and Lang, N.P. 4th erectile dysfunction Blackwell Publishing Limited pp. 3- ? . Carranza s Clinical Periodontology, W.B. Saunders, 2002, 17-23. Itoiz, ME ; Carranza, FA: The Gingiva. In Newman, MG ; Takei, HH ; Carranza, FA ; editors: Carranza s Clinical Periodontology, 9th Edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 2002. 26-7. Jan Lindhe, Niklaus P. Lang, and Thorkild Karring Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. Wiley-Blackwell ; 5 edition, 2008.

Physical Descriptions Put Readers in Your Place

Physical Descriptions Put Readers in Your Place Physical Descriptions Put Readers in Your Place Physical Descriptions Put Readers in Your Place By Mark Nichol Writers deliver their stories fiction and nonfiction alike to readers more effectively when they use appearances of people, places, and things to help drive the narrative and illuminate personalities. Consider these ideas: People Some writers omit or minimize description of physical characteristics, considering them peripheral details, but revealing details about a person’s appearance can be a valuable narrative tool, especially when the description up-ends expectations. Helping readers picture a diminutive authority figure or a sturdy, six-foot-plus word nerd, for that matter lets them know that the tale isn’t going to be trite. Practice by jotting down notes about people you know or have seen in person or in images, but take care not to write as if you’re filling out a police report. Instead of describing someone as extremely tall, note how they have to duck their head to walk through a doorway. Rather than using a pedestrian word like huge or petite, use formidable or bantam. In describing hair or eye color, avoid â€Å"lustrous raven locks† and â€Å"limpid azure pools of light† phraseology (unless you’re penning a romance novel), and reach for unusual imagery like â€Å"hair like a tangle of copper filaments† or â€Å"milky-green eyes open wide in an attitude of perpetual astonishment.† Places For locations, employ the same strategy: Rehearse your writing by explaining the feel of a room, a street, or a park. Is it expansive, or economical? Friendly, or foreboding? Clean, or chaotic? What do your other senses tell you? What is the noise level? How does it smell? What are the textures like? Is it easy to walk through or along, or to otherwise navigate, or do obstacles interfere? If your story takes place in a natural landscape, describe the terrain and what associations it has based on whether it conjures a sense of grace, harmony, and peace or whether it is full of bleak, harsh, jagged features. How does the presence of vegetation, or bodies of water, contribute to the feel of the terrain? What effect does the weather produce? Place your characters in the context of their locations by showing, without telling, whether they are at home in their setting or whether the environment is alien to them, and how they respond to their feelings. Things Objects may seem devoid of interest, but even everyday devices can resonate and can be integral to a story. The way belongings are displayed and arrayed can say much about the personality of their owner, as can whether they were bought at a dollar store or from an upscale online catalog. Things can exude an aura, or can be imbued with qualitative or quantitative value. The ubiquity of an electronic device can convey how essential it is to its user, or how integral it is to that person’s self-perception because it (to their mind, at least) awards status. A possession can foreshadow an event or otherwise be key to a plot: A tech-dependent person, one who smugly employs a GPS but can’t read a map, is lost in the wilderness without either. An adored stuffed animal conceals a weapon or a treasure. An innocuous object regarded off-handedly but often ultimately becomes the linchpin (or is a MacGuffin). Even in nonfiction, descriptions of objects can be used to great effect. An account of an interview with a powerful person who fidgets with tchotchkes, for example, can reveal them as nervous or insecure without saying so in so many words. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorThe Parts of a WordWood vs. Wooden

Construction Management & Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Construction Management & Organisation - Essay Example The project manager has to establish a team of functional specialists to complete the individual tasks of the project. The project manager usually has such qualities as team building, be able to motivate, communicate and be a good listener. In addition, the manager has to be a facilitator and not a supervisor, one who synthesizes instead of being an analyst and finally be problem oriented rather than being discipline oriented. An effective project management has got four main functions; Project planning, team building, directing and control measures. The planning process entails a sequence of activities planned to ensure that the project meets the deadline given, within budget and the expected outcome. Results from planning have to make sure that the overall objectives of the project can be realized. The planning process entails considering schedules and budgets. The budget identifies the resources needed and the means of financing the project. Scheduling establishes timeliness and milestones for the completion of tasks and activities that makeup the project. Project scheduling involves a sequence of activities in a logical and systematic way. Once established, appropriate resource allocation for each activity becomes the next challenge. Budgeting applies to the costs associated with each activity. There are the budget figures with time. The costing has to be done on material and labor, direct and indirect. Team building can be defined as finding the appropriate person to do a specified task in a competent manner. The project has to determine the staff level requirements for each task, the period of engagement for each member, and where each team member lives. The members may come from either within the organization or from an external consulting firm. Directing involves guiding project activities to their timely completion within the assigned budget. Through directing, staff members get to familiarize themselves with the project and their individual

17- Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

17- - Coursework Example To explain the former, this decision gives House the hope to prove his innocence in the lights of the new evidance, that is if he is innocent in the first place. Unlike as in an appeal, in habeas corpus federal court, DNA samples can be produced in this case as a new evidence which can greatly influence the decision of the Judges if the evidence goes in Houses’ favor. Now to see the effect of this decision on the society as a whole, a common citizen would have more confidence in the Judicial System and would know that he has a great chance of proving his innocence if convicted wrongly. The Judicial System over the years has been adversely affected by the cold war between the conservative and liberal governments. This trend has not allowed consistency to prevail in the Judicial System. This new decision gives a hope that the judgments made by the judiciary would neither be conservative nor liberal, but rather would be just. This decision by Justice Kennedy would be referred to by legal experts while solving cases of such nature. To those convicted wrongly, this decision would appear to them as a ray of light leading to a free life. Whether House makes his way out or not because of this decision, it certainly would give convicted people a chance to prove their innocence presenting new evidences in the future. In my personal view, the less-conservative decision made by the conservative judge is the right one, as it might not be possible in certain cases to gather and produce all or the vital evidence during the trial period. Giving the convicted a second chance for producing new evidence and arguing his way out constitutionally, cannot be termed a lenient decision on part of the convicted, but rather a fair one. Though this would lead to additional burden on the courts, but it would ensure that justice is served. Provisions have been made in the law to give a

Empowerment of Women in Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and The Taming of the Shrew :: comparison compare contrast essays

Empowerment of Women in Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It, and The Taming of the Shrew  Ã‚     Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s comedies, many – possibly even most - of the female characters are portrayed as being manipulated, if not controlled outright, by the men in their lives: fathers, uncles, suitors, husbands.   And yet, there are women inhabiting Shakespeare’s comedic world who seem to enjoy a greater degree of autonomy and personal power than one would expect in a patriarchal society.   Superficially, therefore, Shakespeare’s comedies appear to send mixed signals regarding the notion of female empowerment.   Some women are strong and independent, others are completely submissive, and the behavior of either seems to be influenced more by theme or plot than by any qualities within the characters themselves. A closer look, though, should make it evident that this is not the case; as in many of Shakespeare’s plays, appearances can be deceiving.   In some cases, the exterior behavior is a deliberate faà §ade to mask the character’s real feelings; in others, it is an acculturated veneer that is burned away as a result of the play’s events.   Despite their outward appearances, though, most of these comedic women belong to one of two opposing archetypes.   An examination of these archetypes allows the reader to see past such deceptions to the real personality beneath.    The â€Å"Daughter† and â€Å"Niece† Archetypes Within Shakespeare’s comedies, many of the female characters are portrayed as submissive and easily controlled.   Like dutiful daughters, these women submit to patriarchal repression with little complaint. Perhaps the best example of a â€Å"daughter† character in Shakespearean comedy is the role of Hero in Much Ado About Nothing.   Hero is completely under the control of her father Leonato, especially with regard to courtship.   When, in Act Two, Leonato believes that Don Pedro may seek Hero’s hand in marriage, he orders Hero to welcome the prince’s advances despite the difference in their ages: â€Å"Daughter, remember what I told you.   If the Prince do solicit you in that kind, you know your answer† (II.i.61-3).   Thus we see that Leonato controls not only Hero’s actions, but even her words as well. In fact, Hero is so thoroughly repressed by the male-dominated society in which she lives that she submits not only to her father’s will, but to that of nearly every other man in the play.   She is easily wooed and won by Don Pedro posing as Claudio (II.

Ohm’s Law Investigation Essay

Hypothesis: Because I am using copper wire as a resistor, when I increase the length of the wire the resistance should work how resistors in series work. This means that when I increase the length of wire (or add a piece in a series circuit) the resistance should increase too. Due to the increase in the number of atoms and ions between the two terminals it takes the electrons longer to get from one side to the other. For example if I double the length of the wire the resistance will double and the current will halve. My graph at the end should look something like this: The length of wire and resistance should be directly proportional to each other. Equipment: -2 1. 5V cells -Metre ruler -Copper wire -Voltmeter -Ammeter -Wiring -Crocodile clips Method: First I decided upon the type of wire I was going to use (copper), I made sure it was the same thickness each time I took readings because as aforementioned, if the cross sectional area is not kept constant, it will definitely affect the resistance and thus make my results inaccurate. Then I measured it to 100cm by laying it across a metre ruler, because this way I can be accurate to the millimetre. I then hooked the 2 cells up to the copper wire stretched across the metre ruler using my wires and crocodile clips. I connected the two terminals on the metre ruler 40cm apart. For this experiment I will take readings for p. d (potential difference) and the resistance using an ammeter and a voltmeter at distances ranging from 40cm to 100cm – I will take measurements in 5cm intervals (i. e. take measurements from 40cm, 45 cm and so on so forth). I made sure that the voltmeter and ammeter were set up in PARALLEL not series as this would damage them. Below is a diagram of my apparatus and how I set it up: And the (simple) schematic of the circuit: In this experiment I will keep all things constant (apart from the length of wire). I will keep do all my measurements in one day in a short space of time in the same room away from the windows (out of the sun) so the temperature does not change noticeably while I am carrying out the experiment, as this would affect my results and make them inaccurate. Also, when charge flows through the wire and there is resistance, it generates heat in the wire. I will keep the power on the wire for the least amount of time and take my readings quickly so the temperature does not affect my results. In addition to this I will also wait a minute after each reading so that the wire cools to room temperature again and my results are accurate. In theory the graph-line should be straight – if it isn’t then it indicates that there is another variable. The other constant is the cross sectional area of my wire – this is fairly easy to keep constant – just use the same piece of wire. I have to keep this the same because cross sectional area of wire is proportional to the resistance – if I do not keep it the same it will also make my results inaccurate. I will take readings from each distance 3 times and take the average of those, so I can greatly decrease the chances of getting an anomalous result. Results: Here is the results table followed by a graph representing each of the 3 – p. d, Current and then resistance. Length of Wire (cm) Potential Difference (V) Current (A) Resistance (? ). And finally, to calculate the resistance I used the ohm’s law formula of R=V/I. Analysis: My experiment was very successful and the results I got proved to be quite accurate and precise. Therefore my graphs and result tables provide me with a base to understand just why length affects the resistance. My prediction was that â€Å"when I increase the length of wire the resistance should increase too†; my prediction is supported by my results – and appears to be correct. The graphs and tables prove that the longer the copper wire, the higher the resistance. Resistance is also linked to charge flow, if I change the charge flow it will have an affect on the equation I = Q/t. If the current is changed then this will have an affect on the resistance. So with the help of the formulae I=Q/t and R=V/I, I now know that if I increase the charge flow, the current increases and the resistance decreases. Consequently if I double the length of wire the equation I = Q / t will be halved (due to the time increasing) causing the current to be halved and the resistance to be doubled. I can see one anomalous result in the ‘Current’ graph, which is at a length of 80cm – it appears to be at a slightly lower current than it should be in relation to the others. Evaluation: Using my results and my graphs I can clearly tell that my experiment was successful, I can tell this because, generally, none of my results have any inconsistent results and my graphs show straight lines. Even after repeating my experiment many times my graphs still remained just as precise and the graph showing the average results of the experiment is a perfect straight line. The fact that I got the similar results each time I did the experiment suggests that is was successful and also reliable, thus I must have carried out the experiment well. The way in which I conducted the experiment was good because I made sure that the voltage supplied to the wire was equal each time, the cross sectional area of the wire remained the same, and also that the wire cooled down between each result. The use of mm instead of cm made sure that the length was exact and not longer or shorter. Therefore my results were successful and reliable for us to work from. However this did not mean that the way in which I did the experiment couldn’t have been improved. Having to secure the wire so as to measure the length meant that it was difficult to attach the crocodile clips to exactly the end of the wire. I could not be sure that as I left the wire to cool it was not at a different temperature each time I begun again; this could have affected my results if it had been vastly different. In my experiment, I could also have investigated a number of other things, such as the effect of cross sectional area or temperature on the resistance. If I had looked at the effect that the cross sectional area had on resistance I would probably discover that as the wire doubled in cross sectional area the resistance would halve. This would be due to there being twice as many electrons – the current would travel a lot quicker and thus decrease the resistance. If I looked at how temperature affected resistance I would probably find that as the temperature of the wire increases, the particles within begin to vibrate much more because they have some extra energy, therefore it is much harder for the electrons to move through and thus the resistance will rise. So instead of just investigating how length affected the resistance of a piece of wire I could also have investigated the affect of temperature or cross sectional area on the piece of wire Adam Burclaff Page 1 of 10 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Linguistic Theories Essay - 1626 Words

In the past, the study of grammar has been investigated for centuries, it was also significantly role in language teaching and learning. The reasons for teaching and learning are different in each period. In some eras, a major aim of teaching and learning was making learners to be able to communicate. In others, it was essentially taught for the purposes of reading and writing. For these reasons, the studies of two linguistic theories, the traditional grammar and the structuralism were created. They can be viewed differences by views on language, language learning and teaching as well as strengths and weaknesses as follows. Traditional grammar is one of the most significant grammar teaching, this kind of grammar was influenced by the†¦show more content†¦Traditional grammar was dissatisfied by the early modern linguists by reason of its inconsistency. Analyzing feature of language as parts of speech cannot clarify by their meaning. For example, in a sentence He runs home. Not only home is the name of a place, but it also modifies runs. Confusion occurs when the two classification of noun and adverb overlap. Hence, structural linguistics were constructed. It analyzes language by dividing a sentence into the smallest part, called immediate constituents (IC analysis) or slot and filler. This process analyzes the sentence in paradigmatic way. In order to find the beginning of structuralism, this kind of grammar came from the work of Ferdinand de Saussure. He was the first linguist who perceived that each language should be analyzed its own structure. The early modern linguists observed that linguistics ought to be an empirical science. It can be proved not from sentiment or attitude. For instance, it might be judge from score or performance. Due to the notion of structural linguistics all of languages have different structure and system. They observed that language is unique. Then, contrastive analysis was explored to this opinion. Anyway, analyzing lan guage ought to be examined spoken language rather than written language. They explained that we should investigate the actually use of language which was closed andShow MoreRelatedThe, And Corpus Linguistics Theories And Gender Studies1798 Words   |  8 PagesBased on the CDA and corpus linguistics theories and gender studies, this study conducts an analysis of how the descriptions and representations of rape incidents and the offenders and victims in the discourse of rape cases have influence in the determination of rape cases in terms of the court appeal decision. 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